• Certainly! The cardiac department performs various types of heart surgeries to treat a wide range of cardiovascular conditions. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common procedure to improve blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked arteries. Valve repair or replacement surgeries are performed to treat valve disorders. Surgical procedures for congenital heart defects in children and adults are also offered. Heart transplant surgeries provide a viable option for end-stage heart failure patients. Additionally, minimally invasive heart surgeries, such as robotic-assisted procedures, are becoming increasingly popular, reducing recovery time and complications. The cardiac department’s skilled surgeons and advanced technology ensure the best possible outcomes for patients undergoing these life-saving procedures.

• Angioplasty and bypass surgery are both interventions used to treat coronary artery disease (CAD), but they differ in their approach and purpose. Angioplasty, also known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), involves inserting a balloon-tipped catheter into the narrowed artery to widen it and improve blood flow. In some cases, a stent may be placed to keep the artery open. On the other hand, bypass surgery, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), involves creating new pathways using blood vessels from other parts of the body to bypass the blocked arteries, allowing blood to reach the heart muscle. The choice between the two procedures depends on the severity and location of the blockages, overall health, and the patient’s specific condition, as determined by the cardiologist and cardiac surgeon.

A pacemaker is a small, implantable device used to regulate and stabilize the heart’s rhythm. It is primarily used for patients with irregular heartbeats, such as bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block. The pacemaker continuously monitors the heart’s electrical activity and delivers electrical impulses to the heart when necessary, ensuring that it beats at a regular and appropriate rate. This helps improve blood flow, maintain adequate oxygen levels, and prevent symptoms like dizziness, fatigue, or fainting associated with irregular heart rhythms. Pacemakers are essential in managing heart rhythm disorders and enhancing the quality of life for those who require them.

Symptoms of congenital heart disease (CHD) can vary depending on the severity of the condition. In some cases, infants may show obvious signs shortly after birth, such as bluish skin color (cyanosis), rapid breathing, poor feeding, and failure to thrive. Other cases might present milder symptoms, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and frequent respiratory infections. As children grow, they may experience exercise intolerance, chest pain, or fainting during physical activity. However, some individuals with CHD might remain asymptomatic until later in life. Early diagnosis and timely medical intervention are essential to manage symptoms and improve the long-term outcome for individuals with congenital heart disease.

The Balloon Mitral Valve (BMV) procedure, also known as percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, is a minimally invasive technique used to treat mitral valve stenosis, a condition where the valve becomes narrowed, impeding blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. During the procedure, a deflated balloon is guided through a catheter to the narrowed mitral valve. Once in position, the balloon is inflated, stretching the valve and improving blood flow. BMV is performed to relieve symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention in patients with mitral valve stenosis. It is a less invasive alternative to open-heart surgery for suitable candidates, offering improved heart function and enhanced quality of life.

Heart valve disease refers to conditions where the valves in the heart do not function properly, affecting blood flow and heart function. There are two main types of heart valve disease: stenosis, where the valve becomes narrowed and restricts blood flow, and regurgitation, where the valve doesn’t close properly, causing blood to leak backward. Common causes include congenital defects, infections, and age-related degeneration. Symptoms may vary depending on the severity and type of valve affected, including chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations. Early diagnosis and appropriate management, ranging from medication to valve repair or replacement surgeries, are crucial for improving outcomes and maintaining heart health. Regular check-ups with a cardiologist are essential to monitor and manage heart valve conditions effectively.

Heart failure is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the body. It can result from various factors like coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, or previous heart damage. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs, and difficulty performing physical activities. Treatment for heart failure aims to manage symptoms, improve heart function, and prevent complications. It may involve lifestyle modifications, medications to strengthen the heart and manage fluid retention, and cardiac rehabilitation. In severe cases, advanced interventions like implantable devices or heart transplantation may be considered. Early detection and a comprehensive management plan are crucial for enhancing the quality of life and prolonging survival in heart failure patients.

• The Rotablator procedure, also known as rotational atherectomy, is a specialized technique used to treat severely calcified coronary arteries. During the procedure, a small, diamond-tipped burr, called a Rotablator, is guided through a catheter to the affected artery. The Rotablator spins at a high speed, effectively grinding and removing the calcified plaque, creating a more open pathway for blood flow. Once the plaque is removed, the artery can be treated further with angioplasty and stent placement, if necessary. The Rotablator procedure is an advanced option for managing challenging cases of coronary artery disease, improving the success rates of angioplasty and stent placement in heavily calcified arteries.

• Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) and Open Heart Surgery are two distinct approaches used in cardiac procedures. MIS involves making small incisions and using specialized tools and cameras to access the heart, resulting in reduced trauma to surrounding tissues, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times. It is commonly used for procedures like angioplasty, stent placement, and valve repair. On the other hand, Open Heart Surgery requires a large incision to access the heart, involving cutting through the breastbone. While more invasive, it is often necessary for complex surgeries like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or heart valve replacement. The choice between the two approaches depends on the patient’s condition and the complexity of the surgery, with both techniques offering distinct benefits in cardiac care.

In the cardiac department, various diagnostic tests are performed to assess heart health and identify potential cardiovascular issues. Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) records the heart’s electrical activity, helping diagnose arrhythmias and other abnormalities. Echocardiogram uses ultrasound to produce images of the heart’s structure and function, aiding in diagnosing valve disorders and heart muscle problems. Stress tests evaluate heart performance during exercise, detecting any stress-induced abnormalities. Cardiac catheterization involves inserting a thin tube into blood vessels to assess blockages and blood flow. CT scans and MRIs provide detailed images of the heart and surrounding structures. Holter monitoring records heart activity over 24-48 hours to identify irregularities. These tests are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning in the cardiac department.

Some common heart conditions in children include congenital heart defects (CHD), heart murmurs, and arrhythmias. CHDs are structural abnormalities present at birth, affecting the heart’s function. Heart murmurs are abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent blood flow. Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms that may be present from birth or develop later. Diagnosis involves various tests, such as echocardiography, which uses ultrasound to visualize the heart’s structure and function. Electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG) record the heart’s electrical activity. Cardiac catheterization may be used for more complex cases. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial to manage these conditions and promote healthy heart function in children.

A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage. Common symptoms include chest pain or discomfort, which may radiate to the left arm, back, jaw, or neck. Shortness of breath, cold sweat, nausea, and lightheadedness are also typical signs. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may differ between men and women. Immediate medical attention is crucial if a heart attack is suspected. Prompt treatment, like administering clot-busting medications or performing angioplasty, can restore blood flow and prevent further damage to the heart muscle. Early recognition and timely intervention are vital for a successful recovery.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is a revolutionary procedure used to treat aortic valve stenosis, a condition where the valve becomes narrowed, restricting blood flow from the heart. TAVI involves inserting a collapsible artificial valve into the diseased aortic valve through a catheter, typically via the femoral artery or other access points. The new valve expands and takes over the function of the damaged valve, improving blood flow without the need for open-heart surgery. TAVI offers several benefits, including reduced hospital stay, quicker recovery, and lower risk of complications compared to traditional open-heart valve replacement. It is particularly beneficial for high-risk or inoperable patients, providing an effective and life-saving treatment option for aortic valve stenosis.

A heart transplant is a complex surgical procedure where a diseased or failing heart is replaced with a healthy heart from a deceased donor. This life-saving intervention is typically reserved for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe heart conditions that do not respond to other treatments. The transplant process involves thorough evaluation and matching of donors and recipients based on factors like blood type, size, and medical compatibility. Post-surgery, patients require lifelong immunosuppressive medications to prevent organ rejection. Heart transplants offer a chance for a significantly improved quality of life and increased life expectancy for eligible patients facing severe heart disease.

The Bentall/Elephant Trunk procedure is a complex and innovative surgical technique used to treat extensive aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections involving both the ascending and descending aorta. During the procedure, the diseased portion of the aorta is replaced with a graft, and a mechanical valve is implanted in place of the aortic valve. Additionally, a segment of the graft is left protruding into the descending aorta, resembling an elephant’s trunk. This allows for easier access in the future, if further intervention is needed in the descending aorta. The Bentall/Elephant Trunk procedure is a comprehensive and effective treatment option for aortic conditions, ensuring improved blood flow and long-term stability.

Valve leak, also known as valve regurgitation or insufficiency, refers to a condition where a heart valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backward into the chamber it came from. This can lead to reduced blood flow and strain on the heart. On the other hand, valve stenosis occurs when a heart valve becomes narrowed, impeding the blood flow through the valve. Both valve leak and stenosis can be caused by various factors, including congenital defects, infections, and age-related changes. Treatment may involve medication, lifestyle changes, or valve repair/replacement surgeries, depending on the severity of the condition. Regular medical monitoring is essential to manage valve problems effectively and ensure optimal heart function.